The defence of self-defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The defence of self-defence - Essay Example An individual is allowed in the eyes of the statutory defence to make use of reasonable force in an attempt to avoid committing a crime in such situations in which the individual cannot use the common law to avail himself. It is for the jury to decide as ordinary members of the community what exactly can be qualified as reasonable force in a certain case considering its individualistic facts. Ross is physically a very strong man, and he needed to protect himself not only against the first attempt of Samantha to injure or kill him but also her subsequent attempts. He needed to use at least as much force that would help him achieve that. His use of force did not instantly cause the death of Samantha. Therefore, Ross is innocent in the case of Samantha’s death. The defence of self-defence In the case under consideration, although Ross may be blamed for killing David, yet the blame that has been placed on him for killing Samantha is not right because what he did was an attempt to defend himself from the harm that Samantha was just about to cause him with her golf club. Self-defence makes a very important part of the English law’s doctrine of private defence. Ross should not be found guilty of the murder of Samantha and the defence of self-defence should have been put to the jury. ... English law has self-defence as a complete defence of justification in any case that includes any kind of assault. This makes self-defence unlike the loss of control that applies just for the mitigation of what would be classified as murder to manslaughter otherwise. Unlike loss of control, self-defence is a complete defence. Because of this completeness, the interpretation of self-defence is done in a comparatively conservative manner in order to avoid the development of a justification standard that is too generous. Increasingly forgiving defences provide the cynical defendants with greater incentives of the defence’s exploitation in their planning of the use of violence as well as when they have to make an explanation of the matters following the incident. Jury in the cases involving self-defence are entitled to consider the defendant’s physical characteristics, though such evidence does not have much probative value in reaching the decision if excessive force was im plied. According to the principle of general common law, â€Å"A defendant is entitled to use reasonable force to protect himself, others for whom he is responsible and his property. It must be reasonable† (Beckford v R (1988) 1 AC 130 cited in Smart Self Defence, 2011). In the case under consideration, Ross is a heavy man who is more than six feet in height whereas Samantha is petite with a total height of only five feet and three inches. Ross’ above average physical structure and excessive strength in comparison to Samantha along with Samantha’s below average height may give Ross some advantage in the eyes of law since not only Ross was too powerful, but also Samantha was too petite in

Management Essay Example for Free

Management Essay Our group feels that this question can be answered in 2 different ways namely, from the manager’s perspective or from the employee’s perspective for each aspect of Ajzen’s theory. 1. Attitude toward the behaviour  In this case, the ‘attitude’ here refers to that of the recession. From employees’ perspective – employees will be low in spirits and morale during a recession as they know that there is a high possibility that they will be retrenched by the company. From manager’s perspective – The manager will have a positive attitude about improving the performance of the employees during a recession because if they do not do so, the company will take a long time or never recover from the recession. The manager can improve the employee’s performance by a. Communicating with the employees about the recession and the possible impacts it will have on the workplace. b. Provide continuous feedback which includes occasional recognition and rewards to boost their morale. c. Attribute the employees’ consistent performance and update them on the state of the economy. 2. Subjective norm From employees’ perspective – employees feel that they should not give in their 100% at work in times of a recession as the likelihood of being retrenched is still prominent, so why work so hard? They are pressured by their peers to act in this manner. From manager’s perspective – managers are pressured by the top management (CEOs, shareholders) to think of ways to improve the employees’ performance. Such methods are as mentioned earlier above. 3. Perceived Behavioural Control  From employees’ perspective – it is very easy to succumb to peer pressure and not give in their best in their work in times of a recession. From manager’s perspective – managers are completely in charge on their intention to improve the employees’ performance during a recession as it is their job to do so.

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems Essays -- Computers Techno

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems The construction of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems started in the middle 80's, at a prototype building level, and at the beginning of the 90's the first commercial systems appeared. The interest for the development of such systems stems from the need to cover the modeling deficiencies of their predecessors, that is the relational database management systems. They were intended to be used by applications that have to handle big and complex data such as Computer Aided Engineering, Computer Aided Design, and Office Information Systems. The area of the OODBMSs is characterized by three things. First, it lacks a common data model. There is no common data model although many proposals can be found in the literature. This is a more general problem of all the object-oriented systems not only the database management systems. Since the data model determines the database language of the system, which in turn determines the implementation of the system, we can understand that the differences between the various systems with different data models can be big and substantial. Second is the common theoretical framework. Although there is no standard object-oriented model, most object-oriented database systems that are operational or under development today share a set of fundamental object-oriented concepts. Therefore the implementation issues in OODBMSs that arise due to these concepts are universal. The third characteristic is that of experimental activity. Plenty of prototypes have been implemented and some of them became commercial products. There is really a need for applications to handle very complex data and that is why the interest of people in building such systems is... ... D.K. Practical Application of Object-Oriented Techniques to Relational Databases. Wiley/QED, 1994. Chorafas, D.N. and H. Steinmann. Object-Oriented Databases. Prentice-Hall, 1993. Delobel, C., C. Lecluse, and P. Richard. Databases: From Relational to Object-Oriented Systems. ITP, 1995. Gray, P.M.D., K.G. Kulkarni, and N.W. Paton. Object-Oriented Databases: A Semantic Data Model Approach. Prentice-Hall, 1992. Hughes, J.G. Object-Oriented Databases. Prentice-Hall, 1991. Kemper, A. and G. Moerkotte. Object-Oriented Database Management: Applications in Engineering and Computer Science. Prentice-Hall, 1994. Kim, W. Introduction to Object-Oriented Databases. MIT Press, 1990. Loomis, M.E.S. Object Databases: The Essentials. Addison-Wesley, 1995. Rao, B.R. Object-Oriented Databases: Technology, Applications, and Products. McGraw-Hill, 1994. Object-Oriented Database Management Systems Essays -- Computers Techno Object-Oriented Database Management Systems The construction of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems started in the middle 80's, at a prototype building level, and at the beginning of the 90's the first commercial systems appeared. The interest for the development of such systems stems from the need to cover the modeling deficiencies of their predecessors, that is the relational database management systems. They were intended to be used by applications that have to handle big and complex data such as Computer Aided Engineering, Computer Aided Design, and Office Information Systems. The area of the OODBMSs is characterized by three things. First, it lacks a common data model. There is no common data model although many proposals can be found in the literature. This is a more general problem of all the object-oriented systems not only the database management systems. Since the data model determines the database language of the system, which in turn determines the implementation of the system, we can understand that the differences between the various systems with different data models can be big and substantial. Second is the common theoretical framework. Although there is no standard object-oriented model, most object-oriented database systems that are operational or under development today share a set of fundamental object-oriented concepts. Therefore the implementation issues in OODBMSs that arise due to these concepts are universal. The third characteristic is that of experimental activity. Plenty of prototypes have been implemented and some of them became commercial products. There is really a need for applications to handle very complex data and that is why the interest of people in building such systems is... ... D.K. Practical Application of Object-Oriented Techniques to Relational Databases. Wiley/QED, 1994. Chorafas, D.N. and H. Steinmann. Object-Oriented Databases. Prentice-Hall, 1993. Delobel, C., C. Lecluse, and P. Richard. Databases: From Relational to Object-Oriented Systems. ITP, 1995. Gray, P.M.D., K.G. Kulkarni, and N.W. Paton. Object-Oriented Databases: A Semantic Data Model Approach. Prentice-Hall, 1992. Hughes, J.G. Object-Oriented Databases. Prentice-Hall, 1991. Kemper, A. and G. Moerkotte. Object-Oriented Database Management: Applications in Engineering and Computer Science. Prentice-Hall, 1994. Kim, W. Introduction to Object-Oriented Databases. MIT Press, 1990. Loomis, M.E.S. Object Databases: The Essentials. Addison-Wesley, 1995. Rao, B.R. Object-Oriented Databases: Technology, Applications, and Products. McGraw-Hill, 1994.

Voltaires Candide Through My Present Day View Essay -- essays research

The world as I see it is not perfect. In this present day and age there are some people that like to believe that god created a beautiful planet, but I believe the devil should receive some credit for its creation also. One of the world’s greatest satires, Candide by Voltaire, some characters feel the same way that I do. However others do not. Martin, a skeptic thinks this is not â€Å"the best of all possible worlds† (â€Å"Candide†102), as Dr. Pangloss would say. My present worldview is more close to the view of the eighteenth century character Martin, in the book Candide. Martin, an old philosopher who embarked with candide shows strong pessimistic views. Candide is pretty much a follower and is not a very intelligent man. He looks up to Dr. Pangloss, his mentor. I disagree with candide’s point of view on life, because he is a follower of another man and doesn’t know how to live his own life. Through out the book Candide many of the characters die horrible deaths. The entire book is mainly a satire attacking simple human follies and frailties. The vice being ironically attacked here is optomisticism. Most of the characters are killed brutally or hurt fiercely for some of the most stupid reasons. One incident from the book involves Candide reuniting with his old master dr. Pangloss. Early in the book Candide reunites with Dr. Pangloss scabbed, spitting out teeth, and choking. Pangloss is diseased with syphilis. Pangloss obtained this disease from a slave girl named Paquette. This ...

How Play Benefits Autistic Children Essay

Autism results in several deficiencies in children that affect their educational and social lives. Autistic children feel difficulty to interact with their peers and they even cannot play individually (Sherratt and Peter p. 34). Relevant behavioral deficiencies are also found in autistic children if they have deficiency to play either individually or in group (Wolfberg, p. 23) and they feel difficult to socialize (Williams, Reddy and Costell p. 67-77). Types of Play There are different types of play in which children are engaged such as soico-dramatic play, symbolic play and functional play. In symbolic play, children use their imaginations to use any object as any other object that is not present. The object used in this type of play does not possess the properties of the object that is imagined to be present in place of the actual object (Libby, Powell, Messer, & Jordan, p. 487-497). Children use common things in their symbolic play to represent specific things such as they use sticks and imagine that they are using swords. Where as, in functional play, children do not use imaginary things, rather they use things that are really useful for their play (Libby et al. , p. 487-497). In such a play, children may cook pretend food by using toy kitchen objects such as cooking utensils that are made from plastic for playing purpose. Children play specific roles in socio-dramatic play. They use particular themes to represent specific roles. Most common socio-dramatic themes are playing school, playing hospital and playing house in which each child is given a specific role to perform. Autistic children find it hard to engage in such type of play because they do not feel comfortable in playing roles that require specific social cues, nature of pretending and language. There are different levels of playing. The child does not require any other child to play with in an isolated play. In this type of play a child plays gets involved in a particular activity and plays with an object with out the need of other children (Sherratt and Peter p. 58-74). Children involve in this type of play only when they are engaged with their favorite toy or object. Autistic children play with an object or a toy in a way that is not common to that object or toy (Wolfberg, p. 78). An autistic child with lacking playing skills does not play with a car in a way that normal children do rather that child would prefer to spin the wheels of the car and would not move the car as normal children do. There is another type of play known as common focus or dyadic play. This type of play requires a child to play with another child. This type of play cannot be played in isolation (Sherratt and Peter, p. 76-95). Usually two children get involved in this type of play. When an autistic child gets involved in this type of play, he or she is more likely to be closer to another child while play but he or she will not interact with another child. Three or more children get involved in group play (Mittledorf, Hendricks and Landreth, p. 63-86). Children involved in group playing usually play board games, non-team games that can be played in a playground. An autistic child does not get involved in this type of play as it requires social cues and peer interaction Another example of play is team play in which a common goal is set to achieved and two or more groups compete with each other to achieve their goal (Mittledorf, Hendricks and Landreth, , p. 63-86). This type of play is organized either on a playgroud or in-house such as team tag, baseball, kickball and basketball. This type of play requires social interaction, rules of play to be followed and high level of activity and thus autistic children usually find it difficult to get involved in this type of play. Some Play Strategies to Help Autistic Children Learn More Efficiently Educational decisions should be based on the individual qualities, skills and needs of every child. Autistic children should be considered in the same way. There are several factors that determine which intervention should be implemented by a teacher to teach playing skills to a child. These factors are the determination of the developmental level of the child, the language level of the child and the determination of the type of the play to be taught. Developmental Readiness It is very important to determine the developmental level of the child before considering which intervention will be implemented for the child. This type of determination is very important for the children that are passing through their early childhood phase. Lifter et al. (1993) found out that it is very important to know the developmental level of the autistic child in order to select a play to teach preschool autistic children. When children are involved in play activities that are appropriate according to their developmental level, they get involved in those activities very quickly and they do not spend much time to learn those activities. Children learn developmentally appropriate activities more quickly as compared to activities that are appropriate according to their age because at the same age, different children have different developmental levels that are necessary to know (Lifter et al. , p. 139-159). Different developmental objects are used to identify which activity is developmentally appropriate for a child to learn (e. g. , Broomfield p. 732-745). The present level of functioning of a child determines which developmentally appropriate activity should be chosen regarding of the age appropriateness because the developmental level of every child is different. Some children’s level is more advanced so the activities and skills selected for them are different from those whose developmental level is lower than their age. Same thing goes to the autistic children whose developmental levels differ from child to child. Language Development Stahmer (p. 123-141) observed the autistic children with the typical children when both types of children were involved in symbolic play. It was observed that both the groups were involved to an equal extent when their language abilities were the same. So it is advised to initially find out the language abilities and developmental level of autistic children when plan to teach play skills to such children. Mundy, Sigman, Ungerer, and Sherman (p. 349-364) found that language development is based on play skills. The language abilities of autistic children can be developed during their play with other children. The autistic children learn different aspects of language such as they learn how to take turn, their behavior is related when they request for their turn, and they are involved in joint attention and other social interactions (Baranek et al p. 20-30). Peer Involvement Peer involvement matters a lot. Typically developing children can play a great role in engaging their autistic peers in appropriate play and positive activities (Blanc, et al p. 229-245). There are different ways in which the typically developing children can be encouraged to engage their autistic peers in social activities such as programs for peer tutoring, Circle of Friends etc. Teachers can discuss with typical peers about autism through an informal method. In this method, teachers discuss with typical peers about the ways in which they should initiate their social interactions with their autistic peers and they are also taught that they should accept social initiations if made by their autistic peers. If typical peers do not encourage social interactions in a natural setting then training programs are initiated for them. It is also found that group games with same age-group play an important role in increasing positive social interactions and appropriate play (Baker et al. , p. 300-308). The researchers also pointed out that natural setting plays a great role. So, it is advised in order to get successful generalization, the setting of group games should be kept as natural as possible. There are a number of games that can be played in groups on the playground such as tag, baseball etc (Baker et al. , p. 300-308). Setting and Intervention Method Setting and intervention method are as important to consider as the type of play. Teachers should consider different types of setting when they are to select the settings to teach play skills to autistic children. There is a variety of appropriate setting for such a task including the classroom of autistic children or of typical children to give them general education, a day care setting, the home of a child, playground of the school or a local park or other areas where students can be engaged in playing. Using Peer Trainers and Peer Models Blanc et al found that children usually make other children involve with them while they are playing. Children should be encouraged to play because when they play with each other, they learn social and behavioral skills through interaction. Children who do not feel comfortable in such interactions do not go through experiences that are essential for their development. Autistic children do not prefer to play with their peers and they hesitate to socialize but they also get involved in activities when integrated settings are provided to them. This means that autistic children do not prefer non-integrated settings (Blanc, et al p. 229-245). Integrated classroom is essential when typical children are encouraged to interact with their autistic peers. Integrated classroom is useful only if an intervention is implemented, otherwise typical children would prefer to play with other typical children and they would not preferably interact with their autistic peers (Blanc et al p. 229-245). Goldstein et al. also believed that social interactions among typical and autistic peers should be increased and for that purpose they developed a number of intervention strategies that were purely peer-mediated. The main purpose of those strategies was typically to bring typical and autistic peers closer by increasing social interactions between them. In this intervention strategy, typical children were taught how to initiate social interactions with their autistic peers and how to respond when their autistic peer initiate an interaction. This intervention resulted in an improvement in the social behaviors of autistic peers. Autistic children are encouraged through this strategy to respond to any initiation made by typical peers. The social behavior of autistic children are also strengthened when they get a response from the typical peers (Goldstein et al. , p. 265-280). Group Games. The facilitation of play skills and social interactions can be increased by incorporating typical peers into games and activities with their autistic peers (Baker et al. , p. 300-308). Teachers can use the preferred topics of autistic children in which they can get involved easily to increase their social behaviors. Baker et al. (p. 300-308) suggested that group games should be developed by asking the autistic children about their favorite topics. These groups are usually very common such as tag. Children are usually inspired by movie characters so teaches should ask autistic children about their favorite movie character and they should incorporate that character into the game. In this way, autistic children are motivated and they become interested in engaging with their typical peers through social interactions. In tag game, the target autistic child and typical children are given instructions about the game and then they are encouraged to play the game. Baker et al. , found that social interactions among autistic child and typical children increase because the target autistic child is given more importance as he or she is the who has chosen the topic of the tag game, typical children become involved because they find a lot of fun in the tag game, and the target autistic child, as a result, gets motivated to increase his or her social interactions with his or her peers. Integrated Play Groups Model. Integrated play groups model can be used as another effective method to increase the play interactions among the typical and autistic children. In this type of play, the children are provided with proper guidance, support, environmental arrangements (Wolfberg, p. 52). the setting of the play area is very important to consider. Children should be engaged in activities in places where children normally play. In such a setting majority of the children should be socially competent so that they are able to integrate their autistic peer easily and comfortably. The environment of the play area should encourage play activity. The play area should be of a normal size, the materials should be arranged properly and the children should be able to access and organize the material easily (Wolfberg, p. 52). The play groups should be balanced. Wolfberg (p. 52) explained that all the members of the play groups must be familiar to each other, means that they are children who meet with each other regularly. The play groups may have children of different age groups but they should be socially competent. It is very important to determine the competencies of the target child. This element is very important to consider when developing an integrated play groups model. With the help of this feature it will be easy for the teacher to find out how much and what type of support has to be given to the target child. In order to facilitate the group play, the target child should be given the opportunity to select what type of activity he or she wants to play and this thing will help the teacher to find out the developmental level of the target child. Guided participation is also encouraged in this model. Children are guided by an adult how to involve in a play that will enhance their social behaviors. The adult should provide supportive guidance instead of directive one (Blanc et al pp. 229-245). The principle of immersion should be followed in this model, means that children should be fully immersed in the play. Through immersion, more experienced children help the less experienced children in learning their roles under the supported guidance of an adult facilitator (Blanc et al pp. 229-245). Conclusion As autistic children have to struggle for the development of play and social skills in them, the teachers should be aware of all the necessary methods that are useful to teach the autistic children the required skills. A teacher must be able to determine the developmental level, language level and peer involvement level of the target autistic child and then the teacher should design, select and implement strategies that will enhance the required skills in him or her. The learning ability of autistic children also depends on the type of play and setting in which the activity will be initiated. The researcher can conclude at this point that play is very important in childhood as children learn from each others experiences. Autistic children need to be taught how to socialize in order to make them useful citizens and for this purpose it is very important to implement strategies that are necessary to fulfill this task. Works Cited Baker, M. J. , Koegel, R. L., & Koegel, L. K. Increasing the social behavior of young children with autism using their obsessive behaviors. The Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 23 (1998), 300-308. Baranek, G. T. et al Object play in infants with autism: methodological issues in retrospective video analysis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 59(1) (2005), pp. 20-30. Blanc, R, et al Dysregulation of pretend play and communication development in children with autism. Autism, 9(3) (2005), pp. 229-245.

Adidas Strengths Essays

Adidas Strengths Essays Adidas Strengths Paper Adidas Strengths Paper Strengths -Strong success in Europe -High-performance products -Recent selling of subsidiary â€Å"dog† SalomonWeaknesses -American athletes endorsed by adidas are not as popular as Nike’s -Nike gaining ground on European soccer market -Public dissent over use of sweatshops Opportunities -Acquisition of Reebok -Growing strength in golf industry through TaylorMade and recent acquisition of Maxfli -Growing revenue from opening of own retail storesThreats -Foreign exchange rates will result in loss of actual profits As mentioned on their website adidas has been a leader in Europe for years and have been able to become comfortable there. Another strength is that adidas-Salomon produces high-performance shoes. They have been able to attract hardcore athletes as customers due to efficiently made shoes (adidas. com). adidas recently announced that it will be selling its Salomon brand to Amer Sports Corporation for $624 million. Salomon was originally acquired by the adidas Group in 1997 when it paid $1. 4 billion for Salomon and its subsidiaries, including golf brand TaylorMade and cycling brand Mavic. The sale will include the brands and subsidiaries Salomon, Mavic, Bonfire, Arc’Teryk, and Cliche. Herbert Hainer, adidas-Salomon Chairman and CEO, stated that â€Å"Salomon has been a great member of our group. However, we have decided that now is the time to focus even more on our core strength in the athletic footwear and apparel market as well as the growing golf category† (Bloomberg). This move will allow adidas to rid itself of the recently slumping Salomon brand, which posted a 1 percent drop in revenue along with a 74 percent drop in operating profit in 2004. The sharp decrease in operating profit is due to recent restructuring that reduced French production of Salomon products from 55 to 35 percent with new production aking place in Romania and China. News of the sale spiked adidas’ shares up 9. 2 percent, reaching its highest point in six years, while Amer Sports shares gained 7. 6 percent. A major weakness of the adidas brand is that they are currently third in the American market for athletic footwear sales. Another weakness is adidas’ recent fall in the soccer shoe market. Nike took over first place in the European soccer shoe market with its success of the Air Zoom Total 90. adidas’ final weakness that must be mentioned is their use of sweatshops. There were allegations of inhumane conditions in adidas’ Asian factories in 2000. However, adidas-Salomon maintained that they were trying to fix the conditions. adidas has a huge opportunity on its horizon. The acquisition of Reebok should allow adidas to have greater access to the American market, where Reebok is currently second in the athletic footwear industry. Another opportunity for adidas-Salomon is the possible expansion of their TaylorMade brand. Although adidas is currently selling the Salomon brand for nearly half of what it paid for it in 1997, the deal does not include the golf brand TaylorMade. TaylorMade-adidas golf has a strong hold on the golf industry and was ranked as the number one driver on the United States and European PGA tours (adidas-Salomon. com). TaylorMade holds 7. 5 percent of the market share for golf balls and adidas increased its opportunities in 2002 by acquiring golf-ball maker Maxfli from the Dunlop Slazenger Group. Finally, adidas can expect to see revenue increases due to their newly implemented and recently successful own-retail activities. These include concept stores, factory outlets, Internet sales, and parts of Asian markets.

Criminal justice Reform essays

Criminal justice Reform essays People are arrested every day in the United States. They are put on probation or sent to jail, and sometimes they are let out on parole; there are millions of people affected. In 1995 alone there were over five million people under some form of correctional supervision, and the number is steadily increasing. The incarceration rate is skyrocketing: the number of prison inmates per 100,000 people has risen from 139 in 1980 to 411 in 1995. This is an immense financial burden on the country. Federal expenditure for correctional institutions alone increased 248% from 1982 to 1992. Obviously something has to be changed in the justice system. If the crime rate is rising this much, the correctional justice system isn't functioning properly, and needs to be reformed. Many people have offered theories as to what should be done with the prison system, the extremes being retributivism and the therapeutic model, but what they all seem to have overlooked is that there is no single system that work s for everyone. Blanket generalizations as to the nature of the criminal mind cannot be made. Every criminal is different, with different motivations and different psychological characteristics so that different things are required to make them repent or deter them from further criminal activity, and I believe that the solutions offered are not enough to lower the crime rate and prison population. Something needs to be done on a more fundamental level so that fewer people turn to crime in the first place, thereby providing the prison system with the freedom to improve the attention it gives to the people that do become criminals; my solution is a combination of economic reform and educational opportunity that would give people less reason to commit crimes. The extreme right reform proposition, retributivism, is flawed mainly because it seems to assume that showing people that what they've done is wrong will always accomplish something, and that every priso...

Beowulf as an Epic essays

Beowulf as an Epic essays I just finished watching Blue Streak, the story of a criminal who is forced to become a police officer in order to recover a diamond that he had hidden before he was arrested for a heist. In the movie, Martin Lawrence is a the protagonist, and as a typical audience member, I hope that he will succeed in whatever his goal is, in this case, to safely recover his diamond, and not end up in jail for a second term. This remains to be true for me throughout the entire movie, even though my introduction to this character is seeing him get arrested for stealing a diamond, and then watching him get dumped for not even calling his girlfriend while he was in jail. Nowadays, it seems that the hero of any story can gain the sympathy and support of his audience, but in the Anglo-Saxen time period, heroes has to follow specific guidelines in order to be respected and accepted as a hero. In the poem entitled, Beowulf, translated by , a normal man named Beowulf is able to b ecome one of the most memorable heroes of British literature through the story-tellers use of the Anglo-Saxen heroic ideal. One of the reasons that Beowulf is such a popular example of the heroic ideal is his willingness to risk anything of his own in order to help others. His courage is displayed early in the poem, while he explains his adventures of killing monsters in the ocean. He says I drove five great giants into chains, chased all of that lace from the earth, swam in the blackness of night, hunting monsters out of the ocean, and killing them one by one. Beowulfs determination to kill the sea-monsters becomes part of his promise to save the Danes from Grendel, and also promises to the readers that this tale is sure to be as filled with action and adventure as his adventures in the sea. Later, Beowulf acknowledges the fact that Grendel needs no weapons and fears none; he then decides that he will n...

Management of Computing Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management of Computing Resources - Essay Example Computer resources within the commission includes aggregate of available software, computer hardware, supplies, documentation, trained personnel and support services that are to be protected. The report is about designing an end user training and support system that will help serve the 5000 work stations of the education commission and whether Google or social media can be utilized to lower the cost of support outlays and IS end user training. Currently the commission is utilizing Microsoft products for the various computing operations that are done on the commission. The education commission organization is in need of an effective information system that will provide the personnel as well as the management with up to date information regarding the performance of the commission including their future plans, goals and objective. The information may be processed at the central point or headquarter of the commission and dispatched to all the other 5,000 work stations in Australia. Having an effective computing management plan that is evidence based in place will ensure safe passage of information from the sender to the receiver and back. The computers at the various work stations will be joined together with an intension of allowing sharing of resources and data. The management system will be designed to capture, store, transmit, manipulate, retrieve and display the intended information in various work stations. The system will out the information in a form that can be utilized in various workstations. Increased innovation has led to the development of the internet system which has resulted to development of information systems that can be exchanged via web-based emails, extranets and intranets. The technology will allow for faster exchange of information and data between the management and the end user located in various work stations located within and outside the city. Designing an end user training and support system for the various

Human Trafficking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Trafficking - Assignment Example Williamson). International brokers and agents play a significant role in the displacement of human from one place to another or from one country to another. Most of the times, children and women are displaced from one place to another or from one country to another on the promises of bright future and better job opportunities which may be unachievable for them within their own country. However, this group comes to know the reality the time they reach their destination and realize that they have been deceived by the agent and learn the exact nature of the work; they are expected to do in future. Soon they realize that escaping from the situation can be difficult and dangerous for them. Child Labor: Child labor is also a form of illegal abuse and a forced labor that may cause adverse affects on the physical, mental, moral and social development of children and it may hinder the process of their education. According to an observation made by International Labor Organization that there a re approximately 246 million children around the world who are engaged illegal drug trade, forcibly involved in youth militia and armed conflicts, child prostitution and pornography or involved in debt bondage and other illegal activities. Emergence of Youth Militia: In major parts of Africa, children are forcibly recruited in diamond mines and to serve in civil and political wars. The political and civil instability in Sierra Leone has given rise to the army of child soldiers who have maintained their power and authority in the region. This army of children is brutally involved in the killing of thousands of innocent lives, rape, sexual abuse, illegal drug trade and sexual slavery. In third world countries, children and youth have played an important role in giving rise to youth violence. This emerging power of youth is also termed as the establishment of â€Å"Urban youth culture.† In other parts of the world such as Gulf-region which includes Palestine, Israel, Iraq and ot her Middle Eastern countries, we cannot neglect the political and civil instability which has also contributed in the formation of youth militia. Thousands of Palestinian children have lost their lives while transporting, throwing or exploding bombs or other explosive materials. Several groups have been established which comprised of young combatants against Israeli oppression. Furthermore, when mentioning the emergence of youth militia, one cannot ignore the rapid emergence of â€Å"Child Martyrs†. These child martyrs have given a new name to suicide terrorism which is the results of wars. Recruitment of child soldiers is a part of international law which is constituted on the basis of law of wars. According to this law, regulation of child soldiers under lawful recruitment is appropriate only if they are supervised or commanded by someone. It also states a particular age and criteria for the recruitment of child soldiers however; the law does not support the unlawful recrui tment of minors or the use of children in any civil or international war. Human Slavery: Human slavery is a part of human trafficking which allows the illegal trade of human especially women and children for different purposes. Human slavery exists in almost all the cultures and it has been there in the history from ages. Children and women are used forcibly and unlawfully in different

How Does Bank of America Fulfill the Needs of Its Shareholders Essay - 1

How Does Bank of America Fulfill the Needs of Its Shareholders - Essay Example The researcher states that the Bank of America caters the requirements of individual clients, small business organizations as well as large business corporations with a variety of banking and financial services. The services offered by the Bank of America range from banking, asset management, investing as well as other additional products and services in the financial domain. The Bank of America Corporation offers a broad assortment of financial services and products by means of their numerous banking as well as nonbanking subsidiaries all over the United States of America and in certain parts of the global market. The bank offers its services in six major business divisions, viz. Deposits, Home Loans & Insurance, Global Card Services, Global Banking & Markets, Global Commercial Banking and Global Wealth & Investment Management. As on December 31, 2010, the Bank of America Corporation possessed assets worth $2.3 trillion and revenue values worth $111,390 million. The bank undertook t he acquisition of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. on January 1, 2009. Consequent to the acquisition, the Bank of America has become one of the biggest wealth management companies in the globe with almost 19,700 wealth advisors and further 3,000 front-line consumers facing specialized staffs and in excess of $2.2 trillion in customer assets. Furthermore, Bank of America Corporation is the worldwide leading organization in corporate and investment banking as well as trading over an extensive variety of asset classes catering to the large corporations and institutions, governments, and individual clients throughout the world. The Bank of America also provides industry-leading support to around four million people owning small businesses and is the issuer of the highest number of debit cards in the United States of America. It holds the leading position in credit card loans in Europe and possesses the second largest market share for credit offerings in the United States. The Bank of America h as a well-built foothold in the mortgage business sector and is one of the foremost two mortgage service providers and instigators in the US.

Most current financial data and ratios for two firms in a single Research Paper

Most current financial data and ratios for two firms in a single industry, from the US - Research Paper Example Financial analysis between McDonalds and Yum Brands Incl. to determine their competitiveness since the figures in financial statements never lies. Analysis will be done on the cash flow, income statement and balance statement These ratios include current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio. This ratio shows the extent at which the company is able to repay its short term liabilities using current liabilities. According to (Ross & Westerfield, 2000) a value of 1 or greater shows the firm is more liquid hence able to repay its short term obligations with ease. From the above analysis we can see that McDonalds has higher liquidity ratio than Yum Brands Incl. thus it has $ 1.59 to pay $ 1 debt while Yum Brands Incl. only has $0.75 to settle $1 thus having a deficit of $ 0.25. From the above analysis still McDonalds has higher quick ratio as compared to Yum Brands Incl. which has 0.39. This proofs that McDonalds is able to pay off its debt with ease as compared to Yum Brands Incl. This analysis measures the level of profit making a company is as compared to other competitors (Rowland, 1936). These ratios are one of those that attract investors to invest in a given firm. Some of the ratios are as follows; From the above analysis McDonalds is able to $ 0.22 for every $ 1 invested in the company as opposed to Yum Brands Incl. which only gains $ 0.18. This shows that McDonalds receives great return from usage of its assets. This ratio shows the proportion of the company’s equity financed by owner’s equity and debt. This ratio is supposed to be as low as possible because high level reflects the company is at a state of insolvency (Kieso & Weygandt, 2001). From the above analysis both firms its assets are financed more by debt by owner’s equity. For McDonalds its assets are financed 1.28 times than by owner’s equity as for Yum Brand Incl. it is terrible since it is asset is financed more than

Post-occupancy evaluating of low income housing in the Kingdom of Essay

Post-occupancy evaluating of low income housing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(Research plan) - Essay Example This concept is a new policy, as well as a new trial, for it has been chosen as the issue to discuss the housing policy for this category which will be assessed by post occupancy evaluation method. However, what does POE mean? There are a number of definitions of POE, all generally in accord with, and built around, the central theme of the simple statement (Preiser et al., 1988) that â€Å"post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is the process of evaluating buildings in a systematic and rigorous manner after they have been built and occupied for some time† Vischer ( 2001, pg.23). This defines POE as â€Å"any and all activities that originate out of an interest in learning how a building performs once it is built, including if and how well it has met expectations†. ... The MCDF was one of the top contributors to investigating the success of low-income housing. This is done through investigating the satisfaction of the users within one of their projects. Objectives/ more aims 1- To study the theory of post-occupancy evaluation, its emergence, and its importance. 2- To understand the importance of POE for creating better houses for low income people. 3- To critically evaluate literature about international housing policies and compare it to housing policies in Saudi Arabia using POE approach. 4- To assess a case study by using the post-occupancy evaluation of the:------ METHOD a- Functional aspect b- Social views c- Technical factors ----- 5- To evaluate building performance, by incorporating the feedback from the residents. Research Questions: To what extent are the users satisfied with current housing design? What is post-occupancy evaluation? Why is it important? How is it applied How did it emerge? What are the international housing and Saudi hou sing policies? What are the differences? How to assess a case study by using POE for functional aspect, social views and technical factors? How to evaluate building performance by taking account of resident's feedback into account? methodology Literature Review : Define both the area and the nature of POE that enhances the understanding of the concept, the scope and the process of POE, international policies for low-income housing, low-income housing in Saudi Arabia and analyze case study. Questionnaire design methodology: It will be designed based on POE theory, and will deliver the questionnaire to the residents of Algazalh district. How many people? How many sites? Please define much more detail Clearly say what you will do POE is not just theory

Most current financial data and ratios for two firms in a single Research Paper

Most current financial data and ratios for two firms in a single industry, from the US - Research Paper Example Financial analysis between McDonalds and Yum Brands Incl. to determine their competitiveness since the figures in financial statements never lies. Analysis will be done on the cash flow, income statement and balance statement These ratios include current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio. This ratio shows the extent at which the company is able to repay its short term liabilities using current liabilities. According to (Ross & Westerfield, 2000) a value of 1 or greater shows the firm is more liquid hence able to repay its short term obligations with ease. From the above analysis we can see that McDonalds has higher liquidity ratio than Yum Brands Incl. thus it has $ 1.59 to pay $ 1 debt while Yum Brands Incl. only has $0.75 to settle $1 thus having a deficit of $ 0.25. From the above analysis still McDonalds has higher quick ratio as compared to Yum Brands Incl. which has 0.39. This proofs that McDonalds is able to pay off its debt with ease as compared to Yum Brands Incl. This analysis measures the level of profit making a company is as compared to other competitors (Rowland, 1936). These ratios are one of those that attract investors to invest in a given firm. Some of the ratios are as follows; From the above analysis McDonalds is able to $ 0.22 for every $ 1 invested in the company as opposed to Yum Brands Incl. which only gains $ 0.18. This shows that McDonalds receives great return from usage of its assets. This ratio shows the proportion of the company’s equity financed by owner’s equity and debt. This ratio is supposed to be as low as possible because high level reflects the company is at a state of insolvency (Kieso & Weygandt, 2001). From the above analysis both firms its assets are financed more by debt by owner’s equity. For McDonalds its assets are financed 1.28 times than by owner’s equity as for Yum Brand Incl. it is terrible since it is asset is financed more than

Answer the 4 questions at the end of the case study

Answer the 4 questions at the end of the - Case Study Example It is evident from the report of McGowan (2004) that putting denial of market access for Mexico is unjustified due to the fact that other countries like fishing agencies of Costa Rica and Ecuador and even USA are also purse seine method to catch tuna; therefore only increasing world demand as the United States was not integrating with a particular market. Figure 1 illustrates the negative impacts to supply and demand that the imposition of an embargo imposes. Figure 1 Imposing embargo not only created trade barriers for Mexico but also caused a loss of millions of dollars for the countries involved in the dispute. It is evident from the argument of McGowan (2004) that fishermen of Mexico use purse seine methods due to non availability of alternatives; alternatives which ultimately could have saved the life of dolphins. Within such a context, a consideration of the research work of Porter (2006) reveals the fact that USA should provide knowledge and resource support to Mexico fisherme n in order to encourage the use of alternate fishing methods; instead of purse seine nets. Porter (2006) found that using purse seine nets can cause serious damage to aquatic eco-system and might even increase death threats for dolphins. However, fishermen in Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) still using purse seine nets which are posing death threat for dolphins. ... Question 2: Did the U.S. denial of market access ultimately work? Answer: The U.S. imposed a denial of market access for tuna imports from countries like Mexico, Costa Rica and Ecuador which were known to use purse seine nets. Recently, the USA and Mexico have both appealed to World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding favoritism in tuna exportation (United States Trade Representative, 2012). Mexico subsequently challenged the U.S. denial by stating that fishermen of the USA are also using purse seine nets to catch tuna. In 1992, after the meeting between USA representatives of countries whose market access was denied by U.S, Dolphin safety panels were installed in most of the nets. As could easily have been predicted, the United States denial of market access had both positive and negative impacts. Firstly, it allowed the partner nations to lose a great deal of business revenue and merely shifted the supply and demand curve for tuna throughout the regional and global markets. Secondly , it can be stated to have had a positive impact due to the fact that the United States and partner nations realized that this trade dispute was having negative impacts upon their own respective economies; thereby encouraging them to address the issue and seek to improve tuna fishing technology to better safeguard the plight of the dolphins. Due to such measures, dolphin mortality rate was decreased significantly between1986 to 1998. Figure 2: Decrease in Total Dolphin Death (Source: Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2002) However, U.S denial of market access cannot be classified as only factor behind the sharp decrease in dolphin’s mortality rate because coagulation of other

Crossing Borders - Interracial Dating Essay Example for Free

Crossing Borders Interracial Dating Essay In the hodge-podge of American culture you are bound to find interracial dating. There are many differences between people. One that is obvious to the naked eye is the difference of race. In the society that we live in it is sometimes difficult for people of different races to be a couple. The Dominant Culture puts out an invisible border that separates people of different races. In an experiment that I did with a white friend named Michelle, we went out as a couple. Me being Indian and her being Caucasian posed some difficulties for some people to understand. We first went to a park and decided that we would just sit on the swings. There was another little Caucasian girl next to us. The next thing I saw really surprised me and Michelle. The mother of that little girl came and quickly grabbed her daughter and brought her to another part of the playground. All along, the mother looked at me and Michelle in a weird way. After that, we went to the shopping mall. Keeping in mind that we are in a predominantly white suburb, we held hands at the stores. People looked at us as if we were from another planet. I guess they could not believe that an Indian guy and a white girl could be going out on a date. We even brought another one of my friends to see the reaction of other people that me and Michelle could not see. Our other friend, Jim, said that many people kept on starring at us. Also that some people were whispering about us after they had passed us up. This really was a surprise to me. This experiment that I did was a real eye-opener because it gave me the evidence that people really were not happy seeing different races dating. Although this is not the opinion of all people, it seemed to be the opinion of a quite a number of people. These people are what keep the invisible border present in society. The real question that I asked myself is why this happened. One conclusion I came to was that since this was a primarily white suburb, people would not be too open to different races just being there. If someone different from them was to come into their society, it would be natural for them to not accept them. Especially in a situation that involved dating, people would be closed minded. Not only would they want themselves having nothing to do with interracial dating, they would want others of their same race not to be involved with interracial dating. The white people in this suburb probably looked down upon Michelle for being with an Indian guy. Furthermore, the events of September 11th did not help this situation either. Ever since that date, Indian people have been clumped into the whole middle-eastern terrorist category. This just gives the people of this suburb a reason to denounce me and our relationship. Much of this anger comes out of stereotypes. Since these people think that most middle-eastern people are bad or somehow connected to terrorism, this creates a stereotype that I am labeled with. Another reason we got such a hard time is that our cultures did not match up. Even though we have similar values, the customs of Caucasians and Indians are obviously different. Many people in the suburbs that we saw probably did not understand my culture, so what they do not understand, they do not like. People still have stereotypes of Indians. They might think that we cannot speak English or that we smell. These stereotypes bring the Indians in a lower regard with the dominant culture. Why is it harder for black and white couple to be accepted by society rather then an Indian and a white couple? This particular question can be answered in many ways. One of the many reasons is that social standards are set in our community that base blacks down the totem pole. Blacks have been discriminated against from the start of slavery and to this day in some rare cases. The dominant culture has looked down upon blacks because of their skin color for many generations. This is cause for the dominant culture to look down upon blacks. When it comes to Indians, some white people perceive Indians as somewhat semi-British. Whites are less prone to be against a relationship with an Indian person. It is more accepted for Indians to date white people because the dominant culture holds Indians in higher regards than blacks. It is because of biased thinking that this notion came into being. After everything, people are still not open to other ideas or beliefs. Even though the dominant culture puts out an invisible border, that border is becoming more visible with stereotypes that are put out there. This invisible border is displayed by their actions when they see interracial couples. They make it more difficult for these couples to be together. Other things like September 11th added to this invisible border in me and Michelles case. What this means is that the majority of our society will be closed minded to interracial dating. What it also means is that the racial lines will be erased if these couples get married and have children. The dominant culture wants to keep the races separate. In relating my experience with Michelle in that suburb, I felt like we should not be together as a couple. The reactions I got made me feel like I did something wrong. It is this feeling the invisible border is suppose to bring to me. I realized this only in the end. It is up me to decide who I date. It should be the concern of the two people that are dating and not the society.

15 Shows You Didnt Know Were Spin-Offs

15 Shows You Didnt Know Were Spin-Offs People out there constantly complain that theres nothing to watch on TV, but there have been tons of shows out there that werent well known enough or good enough to survive. In addition to these, there are TV shows that are on right now that people are/arent watching because they have no clue what theyre linked to. Yes, there have been a great deal of shows on TV that have been left alone or treated like the plague by viewers. However, before you dismiss the next series you see on your guide, check out these past and present spin-offs that were thought to have potential and the surprising shows they spawned. You might find something to watch tonight! Breaking Bad/ Better Call Saul (AMC) Half spin-off and half prequel to the hugely successful AMC series Breaking Bad, the newly created Better Call Saul was highly anticipated by many who were enthralled by Walter Whites misadventures. Those who arent so hip to their Breaking Bad trivia may not have known the two were even related due to Saul (AKA Jimmy McGill) being a lawyer and the show itself being a darker legal drama as opposed to a prime time crime-fest. Okay, so theres still crime, but yeah, Better Call Saul was popular right away (it had the highest basic cable ratings in history when its first episode aired). Beverly Hills, 90210/ Melrose Place/ 90210/ Melrose Place (FOX) Beverly Hills, 90210 was a prime time teen drama that swirled around the oh-so-complicated lives of teens as they make their way through high school and college in one of the most affluent zip codes in the US. Grant Shows character, Jake Hanson, was introduced to the world via Kelly (Jenny Garth) in the original 90210s second season, and he lived at Melrose Place. Geared towards an audience of college kids and adults who could figuratively empathize with the trials and tribulations of attempting to make it in LA, Melrose Place featured stunning performances by Heather Locklear, Marcia Cross, and then teen heartthrob, Andrew Shue. Melrose Place and Beverly Hills,90210 were very successful and lasted seven and ten seasons respectively. However, the spin-offs 90210 (2008 for five seasons) and Melrose Place (2009 for one season) didnt fare as well, and ended up being nixed pretty quickly. Pawn Stars/ American Restoration/ Counting Cars/ Pawnography (History) Men all over the place who have watched Las Vegass family pawn shop reality series Pawn Stars probably already know this, but Counting Cars and American Restoration are both spin-offs of this antique-driven History Channel show. In fact, many episodes of Pawn Stars feature the head honchos of the two series when Rick enlists their services to provide appraisals of the various artifacts people bring into his familys shop. All three of the shows are still running on History along with a third Jeopardy ­-like show Pawnography that started this last year and gives people an opportunity to win some of the treasures in Ricks shop. Bones/ The Finder (FOX) Aired for a single season back in 2012 on FOX, The Finder was a spin-off of the wildly popular Bones, which is currently in its 10th season. The main character, Walter (played by Geoff Stults), was introduced to Bones fans back in the 6th season of the show, and was followed around in his work for the first and only season of the spin-off. It is also the last known work of infamous The Green Mile actor Michael Clarke Duncan who played Leo Knox in the fated series. Degrassi Junior High/ Degrassi High/ Degrassi: The Next Generation (CBC/ CTV/MTV/ PBS/ TeenNick) Centuries ago, Degrassi Junior High followed the lives of young teens in Toronto. The continuation of the series saw the kids in DJH go to high school for, you guessed it, Degrassi High. The next spin-off was geared towards high school students as an after school special. There were original cast members from the previous two spin-offs who participated in Degrassi Talks, but it ended up fizzling out, making brief appearances during sex-ed classes all over Canada in the late 90s. The biggest show came in 2001 as DJHs teen mom Spikes daughter, Emma (Miriam McDonald), became a teen herself. Degrassi: The Next Generation was a huge hit on both sides of the border and helped propel stars like Nina Dobrev and Drake into their current careers. With a modernized list of teen issues, the show is still big and in its fourteenth season. The Vampire Diaries/ The Originals (The CW) Although the supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries has been renewed for a seventh season on The CW, they spawned a spin-off that focuses on TVD character Niklaus Mikaelson (played by Joseph Morgan) who was introduced during the second season of the show. The show is called The Originals and set in New Orleans after almost 100 years of the Mikaelson clan being gone from the city and the pressures of being a vampires, werewolves, and witches, oh my! Crocodile Hunter/ Bindi the Jungle Girl (Animal Planet/Discovery Kids) Given the fact that Steve Irwin was fatally shot in the heart by a stingray while filming one of his documentaries about wildlife, some may not remember our beloved Crocodile Hunter so much. His legacy as an animal-lover and wildlife advocate has been carried on by his wife, Terry, and their children. One of these, Bindi Irwin, landed herself her own nature show that was geared towards children and aired on both Animal Planet and Discovery Kids. The show provided highly educational material for kids all over the world and featured Steve before his 2006 death but only lasted two seasons. Now 16 years old, she still works with animals, so watch out for Bindi in the future. Toddlers Tiaras/ Here Comes Honey Boo-Boo (TLC) As controversial as childrens pageants are, TLC felt that its 2009 series Toddlers Tiaras was popular enough to make a spin-off. Outspoken little one, Honey Boo-Boo, was given her own show Here Comes Honey Boo-Boo that aired in 2012 and went for four seasons. It was like a car accident with redneck trailer trash parents trying to raise their kids to be like mama and papa bear (or Mama June and Sugar Bear), complete with farts, belches, and some gross-ass substance lurking between Mama Junes toes. Eventually, Mama June landed herself in some hot water when she and her husband became estranged; Mama June later became romantically involved with a registered sex offender and child predator who quickly came to live with the family. The show was canceled because of it. -and there went Honey Boo-Boo. MadTV/ Key Peele (Comedy Central) The Comedy Central sketch show Key Peele is hilarious, and of course it is! The show is a spin-off of FOXs MadTV, their answer to SNL,which aired for fourteen seasons. The main stars of Key Peele are former MadTV cast members Jordan Peele and Keegan-Michael Key who often worked together in sketches and had an unmistakable chemistry as comedians. Key Peeles fifth season returns to Comedy Central later this year. The Daily Show/ The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore / The Colbert Report (Comedy Central) Everyone has been talking about Trevor Noah replacing Jon Stewart as host of the long-running Comedy Central hit after his 16 years at the helm. Although its two spin-offs The Colbert report and The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore are often misconstrued as copycats, Stephen Colbert and Larry Wilmore have The Daily Show and Jon Stewart to thank for their success as news satire and comedy anchors on their own respective shows. Now, all three are out there providing laughs and poking fun at the top news of the day in politics, pop culture, and much more. JAG/ The entire NCIS collection (CBS) Im not sure how many people out there watched JAG, but the Navy-themed legal drama somehow lasted for nine seasons on CBS. Once the show hit its eighth season, a few characters from NCIS were introduced to viewers, and the procedural drama has been going for thirteen of its own seasons and has resulted, much like its rival CSI, in additional spin-offs that set in New Orleans and Los Angeles. Good Morning, Miss Bliss/ Saved By the Bell (NBC) Technically a reboot of Disneys Good Morning, Miss Bliss, NBCs smash hit with teens in the early 90s was the birthplace of many Hollywood stars careers. Saved by the Bell differed from Good Morning, Miss Bliss in that it was set in High School rather than junior high. Saved by the Bell focused on the lives of students Kelly Kapowski, Screech, Zack Morris, et al. right through to college while GMMB was all about their teacher Miss Bliss. Saved by the Bell ran from 1989 to 1993 and was the American equivalent of Degrassi for tons of kids growing up in the 90s. However, the college spin-off and resurfaced teen series didnt do well with viewers or critics, so they were both canceled after giving them both a fair chance to succeed. Jackass/ Viva la Bam/ Wildboyz/ The Jackass Movies (MTV) The disgusting, funny, and very successful Jackass franchise has seen many spin-offs. The original series aired for three seasons on MTV between 2000 and 2002, and saw cast member Bam Margera break off to film his hectic life at home in Viva la Bam. The series was much like Jackass but definitely more raunchy and hardcore in terms of pranks and stunts, which were unleashed on his friends and family. Chris Pontius and Steve-O branched out too with their own show entitled Wildboyz where the two traveled the world, messed around with exotic animals and cultures while performing dangerous stunts on camera. Jackasss spin-offs are still their six films are the most successful. Two were considered bonus footage reels and were released as Jackass 2.5 and Jackass 3.5, and another was Academy Award-nominated Bad Grandpa. Although critics are never happy with them, and Ryan Dunn, one of the main cast members, passed away in a tragic car accident after Jackass 3Ds release, director Jeff Tremaine has hinted that there may be another film in the making, and it might go down in Australia. Chicago Fire/ Chicago P.D. (NBC) As if it wasnt completely obvious by the name, right? Well, some people dont know that the two Chicago-based prime time dramas were linked. Both are very successful with Chicago Fire currently in its third season and Chicago P.D. being renewed for its third season earlier this year on NBC. If you watch, you can see the characters interlocked during emergencies and investigations that require both law enforcement and fire. The Tracey Ullman Show/ The Simpsons (FOX) Hosted by former Brit pop star Tracey Ullman, The Tracey Ullman Show was FOXs second prime time show following in the footsteps of MarriedWith Children and featured a lot of comedy, animated shorts, and musical skits. The variety show was on for four seasons between 1987 and 1990. During the first two years of its broadcasts, the show featured shorts made by none other than Matt Groening, which happened to commonly feature everyones fave yellow family The Simpsons. The animation portion of the show was cut in 1989 so that it could try its luck in its own half hour slot, and there was The Simpsons. -and theyre still going after 26 seasons!

Childhood Experience :: essays research papers

Child company experience is one of the sweetest experience. We all have some child company experience. They play in your lap. Frequently they laugh, frequently they weep. When they touch your face with their soft little hands you feel a deep feeling of love and affection. Have you ever watched them! How do they behave! By God’s grace I always have got chances to be with small children. I watched them closely! What I felt I tell you categorically†¦ First thing, if you are a stranger, most children would prefer to keep away from you. They watch your activities closely, weather it suits them or not! When convinced about you they join you! When you hold them in your hands and kiss them with affection the feeling is divine. They see the world on sitting your shoulder. Beware if the junior urinates without signal. How much time your new and well creched clothing been treated with these juniors! Generally Ball and deep multi colors attracts a child most! They are easily attracted to it. The other thing - they are easily attracted to birds. They like its singing, twittering and of course flying. They run after to catch them. No matter they fail, they keep trying every time. Even you will see the kids imitating their sound. Have you seen kids imitating the frog’s jumping and how many times the kid imitates to the sound of motor vehicles. Kids enjoy the Balloon also. They play with excitement with it. The multi dark color balloons having various shapes make them wonder and by getting them they feel at cloud nine! Toys are the best friends of small kids. This involves their attention in to itself and makes them think and analyze. And have you heard two small kids talking to each other! This is always a great hearing. I would not tell any thing about it but would like to hear of your experience. Do tell me. Childhood Experience :: essays research papers Child company experience is one of the sweetest experience. We all have some child company experience. They play in your lap. Frequently they laugh, frequently they weep. When they touch your face with their soft little hands you feel a deep feeling of love and affection. Have you ever watched them! How do they behave! By God’s grace I always have got chances to be with small children. I watched them closely! What I felt I tell you categorically†¦ First thing, if you are a stranger, most children would prefer to keep away from you. They watch your activities closely, weather it suits them or not! When convinced about you they join you! When you hold them in your hands and kiss them with affection the feeling is divine. They see the world on sitting your shoulder. Beware if the junior urinates without signal. How much time your new and well creched clothing been treated with these juniors! Generally Ball and deep multi colors attracts a child most! They are easily attracted to it. The other thing - they are easily attracted to birds. They like its singing, twittering and of course flying. They run after to catch them. No matter they fail, they keep trying every time. Even you will see the kids imitating their sound. Have you seen kids imitating the frog’s jumping and how many times the kid imitates to the sound of motor vehicles. Kids enjoy the Balloon also. They play with excitement with it. The multi dark color balloons having various shapes make them wonder and by getting them they feel at cloud nine! Toys are the best friends of small kids. This involves their attention in to itself and makes them think and analyze. And have you heard two small kids talking to each other! This is always a great hearing. I would not tell any thing about it but would like to hear of your experience. Do tell me.

Comparing Anxiety and Drug Use in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and The Sign

Anxiety and Drug Use in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and The Sign of the Four The life experiences and writings of the Victorians are peppered with anxiety.   External influences such as sweeping change or fear of change can produce unease, as seen in the their anxious attitude toward Darwinism and colonialization, which greatly influenced the political, spiritual, and psychological landscape of nineteenth century England.   However, for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll, anxiety springs from an internal source: the human mind and its many urges.   For Jekyll, the anxiety is fueled by a desire to set free his evil urges; for Holmes, the catalyst is his proclaimed "boredom" with everyday life.   Jekyll and Holmes struggle with their separate anxieties and reach similar solutions.   Both the doctor and the detective choose a drug to alleviate their anxiety.   The unsuccessful outcomes that these chosen drugs produce speaks to the Victorian notion that anxiety could not be conquered.   The people who li ved and died under Queen Victoria not only dealt with anxiety in their own lives, but also fortified their literature with it.   Doyle's The Sign of Four and Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde explore two distinct anxieties and the consequences of using drugs to alleviate them. For both Holmes and Jekyll, an internal anxiety plagues their actions and thoughts.   An aversion to "boredom" troubles Holmes, while Jekyll struggles to come to terms with "man's dual nature" (Stevenson, 42).   Holmes defends his drug use by declaring: My mind... rebels at stagnation. Give me problems, give me work, give me the most abstruse cryptogram, or the most intricate analysis, and I am... ...fer from constitute an inability to deal with internal factors, while the Victorians suffered from an inability to deal with external factors.   For Victorians, anxiety over entertaining the impossible stemmed from Darwinism and colonialization, which was the catalyst for the dreaded fear of the "other."   If Holmes and Jekyll turned to drugs in the face of anxiety, what did the Victorians turn to?   Perhaps the rampant use of laudanum and opium was an attempt at easing the anxieties of a nervous culture.   One could turn to science, religion, or technology for comfort, but most likely these areas would simply cause more anxiety.   No matter what the answer is, it is clear that the anxiety of the Victorians carried over into their literature.   Without this cultural trait the world may never have been introduced to the insane Dr. Jekyll or the brooding Sherlock Holmes.

1993 Apush Essay

APUSH Essay Even though the Chesapeake Bay Colonies and New England Colonies would share ethnic roots they would differ greatly in their development. With New England’s society centered on religion and Chesapeake Bay’s around profit both came to the new world with their own intentions. Other aspects in which these societies differed was in economy and social structure. However regardless of differences and similarities both colonies would find their own way to thrive. When it comes to religion, the colony of New England was influenced to a much greater degree than Chesapeake Bay.Their whole reason for being there was because of religion. The main religious group in New England was the Puritans. The strict aspects of the Puritan way of life made the colony a very stable place to live. In comparison to the Chesapeake Bay Colonies where religion did not play a very big part there was not much political stability. The sect of Christianity practiced by the Chesapeake colonis ts was the Anglican Church. The Anglican Church was not nearly as strict or influencing on life as the Puritans’ practice.Without a strict set of rules in place from religion the only time the Chesapeake Bay colonies would enjoy stability in its early days would be under the military like rule from James Cook. The reason why religion usually would bring stability would be from the moral code embedded inside the teachings of the bible. From this people were able to humble themselves resulting in a stable society. Stability would eventually come to the Chesapeake Bay once it would become a royal colony.In addition to this tobacco would also become a major staple product for the Chesapeake Bay. Overall religion would be a bigger player in the development of New England as a colony. Economy was very different in both respective colonies. Economy in New England would be very simple. Mainly family units would each have their own farm in which they would become self sufficient on. O n top of this there would also be small local and international trade among New Englanders. Early on in the Chesapeake Bay colony was not very expansive.With a little bit of local trading with Indians the Chesapeake Bay colony would not have a big export until James Rolfe would bring tobacco to the colony. Tobacco would have a great impact on colony life. With the Crop being a very profitable export the plant would soon dominate the economy there. Soon however as exports increased the price would decrease the market would deflate. The tobacco market would breathe life into the Chesapeake Bay and also increase the amount of slaves needed to support the demand. Economy in both colonies although different would both manage to flourish in their own way.Social structure was also very distinct in both colonies. For instance Jamestown of Chesapeake Bay‘s population consisted mainly males upon its founding. Throughout its life men were discouraged to arrive in family units because of its harsh conditions. Also a hostile attitude towards Indian populations also stopped population in the colony to be self replenishing. Also altering its early development was the attitude of work from early settlers. Original settlers were of higher class and had distaste towards manual labor.Settlers would eventually grow past its original misgivings on manual labor and find economic stability from tobacco. In order to feed the labor needed to keep up with the tobacco industry indentured servants and then eventually African Slaves would find its place as a social class. Politically, the House of Burgesses was a form of self representative government in the colony of Virginia. Social Structure in New England was a bit more commonplace. Arriving in family units was much less discouraged and many small towns would pop up.With very local government life in New England was very structured. Family decisions were made by the father due to the patriarchal social structure. The big differe nces in social structure were very evident in American Colonial society. Overall despite their roots the Chesapeake Bay colony and New England were completely distinct societies complete with their own economies, religions and economy. Living life in both colonies offered a different culture unique to its area. In the end both would attribute to the diversity in life found on the east coast of colonial America

How did Transportation Change During the Industrial Revolution

How did Transportation Change During the Industrial Revolution? The universe had gone through two industrial revolutions. The first revolution began in the 1700s. And the 2nd revolution happened in the 1860s. Both of the revolutions were the most of import periods in the history of human society because they influenced about every facet of life and particularly brought the universe wholly new sorts of transits. Steam engine, waterway, route, and railway experienced chiefly betterment during the first revolution, and the 2nd revolution brought the innovations of car and aeroplane ; both they played an indispensable function in the development of transit in history. The steam engine was one of the most critical constituents that had been invented during the first industrial revolution. It contributed a batch to the betterment of transit. Thomas Newcomen was the first individual who invented the steam engine. However, the usage of the steam engine was expensive and non efficient. ( World History text edition ) Until 1765, James Watt, one of the greatest subscribers to transit, reformed the steam engine to be more efficient and consume less fuel by adding a separate capacitor to Newcomen’s engine. Watt’s betterment had saved about 75 per centum of the fuel that had antecedently been used by the engine. ( Kendra Bolon ) After the betterment, the steam engine had been used loosely on the other transits, such as steam ship and steam engine. The steam engine non merely improved the manner of transporting, but besides the quality of life. For illustration, people could go by taking locomotor and steam ship. Furthermore, they could bask th e life by watching the landscape during the trip. Therefore, the steam engine was the most unbelievable transit in the universe. Roadss, canals, and railroads were three major constituents of transit improved during the first industrial revolution. Peoples used the roads as the basic manner to transport the goods from one topographic point to another. Roadss were in really bad fix before the first revolution, and it were non efficient for people to transport goods. ( World History text edition ) John MacAdam, Thomas Telford, and John Metcalfe all developed the new roads building techniques. Thomas Telford made new foundations in roads with big level rocks. John MacAdam equipped roadbeds with a bed of big rocks ; hence, people could transport goods on a showery twenty-four hours. Canal was another critical portion of transits, which allowed goods to be transported through a series of semisynthetic waterways. Transporting goods by canal lowered the hazards of besotted merchandises during path. Furthermore, a canal flatboat could transport more merchandises than the other signifiers of transit during that clip. C anal besides cost less money for transporting ware. For the ground of transporting heavy goods from topographic point to topographic point, the betterment of railroad began in 1800, which made a great spring in transporting engineering in human history. The improved steam engine led the running locomotor with decently powered technique of turn overing. The betterment of railroads allowed the towns and metropoliss to turn quickly. In the mid-18Thursday, Abraham Darby made a plate manner of dramatis personae Fe on top of tracks that allowed the furnaces working and able to raise the Fe home base. In 1789, William Jessop developed an â€Å"L† shaped rail which held the waggon on the path. Goods could be transferred within a short sum of clip, which helped to further the agricultural and fishing industries. The engine was capable of transporting ternary sum of goods compared to the horse-pulled waggons. ( Mrs. Abiah Darby ) The betterment of route, canal, and railway changed the manner of transporting, the sum and distance of transporting goods increased significantly and affected how people lived consequently. The car and aeroplane were the two most unbelievable signifiers of transits that were been invented during the 2nd industrial revolution in the 1860s. Car was important signifier of transit since it affected the whole universe. The car was foremost invented by Karl Benz in 1886. Later on, in 1908, Henry Ford made the car low-cost for people by presenting the assembly line. ( World History text edition ) Automobile enabled people to travel anyplace they wanted to at any clip. It’s the most convenient tool for people to travel. As for the other of import innovation, aeroplane, was built in 1903 by Wilbur and Orville Wright. ( World History text edition ) Around 400 BC, Archytas was reputed as the first individual designed and built the first automotive winging device. While the Wright brothers made the first successful attempt to transport a adult male rose by aeroplane. The first aeroplane flew of course at even velocity, and descended without harm. Although the flight lasted merely 59 seconds, it marked an of import start of the aircraft industry. The visual aspect of car changed the whole universe wholly in that it provided a convenient and low-cost manner to transport and travel for people. The creative activity of aeroplane broadens the range and distance of the transit, which may transports riders and goods across continents and land. These two innovations both brought important influence to people. In decision, during the first and 2nd industrial revolutions, transit had gone through dramatic alteration and betterment. It non merely brought effectual and efficient manner of transporting, but besides influenced and shaped people’s life, about every facet in people’s day-to-day life. With the progress of engineering, transit progressed. The steam engine led to the application of locomotor and steamboat, which increased transporting capacity and therefore facilitated more production machines for fabrication in other industries. Trade enlargement was fostered by the debut of canals, improved roads and railroads. The innovation of car grounded the basic manner of transit for people while the aeroplane provided a faster manner from topographic point to topographic point. The first and 2nd industrial revolution marked a turning point in human history, and transit played a critical function impacting people’s life socially and economically. Bibliography: Bolon, Kendra.The Steam Engine. N.p. : Kendra Bolon, 2001. N. pag. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.history.rochester.edu/steam/thurston/1878/ . Web. Bustamante, Crystal. Transportation during the Industrial Revolution. N.p. : Crystal Bustamante, 2009. N. pag. Web. 26 Jan. 2009. Bulter, Scott, Keats, Thedawnbringer, Hedleygb, and Peter. How has conveyance changed since the Industrial Revolution? N.p. : n.p. , n.d. N. pag. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. Industrial revolution research. N.p. : HTML5 UP, n.d. N. pag. Web.v Mack, Pamela E. Transportation. N.p. : n.p. , 2002. N. pag. Web. 27 Sept. 2002. Roadss, Canals and Railways – the Transport revolution. N.p. : n.p. , UK. N. pag. Web. 2013. The Industrial Revolution: 1750-1900. N.p. : n.p. , n.d. N. pag.KCCIS. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Transportation. N.p. : n.p. , n.d. N. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.

Speak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Speak - Essay Example In addition, which is even more important, the speaker that keeps eye contact with everyone makes each participant of the audience feel like the speaker is talking to him personally (Davidhizar 1992). This definitely makes the speaker attractive for the audience. Speaker’s appearance also plays key role in oratory process. First of all, nobody wants to look at somebody who looks unkempt; secondly, such a person would make audience feel disrespected by the speaker. Thus, of course, while deciding which clothes to wear for our speech we should first of all consider their appropriateness and adapt the style to the audience’s preferences. Comfort is also a very important thing in public speaking, as a speaker needs to feel comfortable in order not to be constrained in his self-expression while speaking. It is significant for a speaker to look attractive for his audience that’s why his use of body should be efficient and clothing style must be

News Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

News Analysis - Essay Example Broadcasting can also use diagrams or caricatures to enable readers or audiences understand the news. The use of newspaper is the oldest form of disseminating or communicating news. Newspapers were used before the introduction of broadcast tools such as radio, internet and television. The main advantage of newspaper over other forms of communicating news is that newspaper signifiers are on display to readers simultaneously (Allan, 2007, p. 114). This enables the readers to absorb the coded information or signifiers at their pace. This is not achievable with the radio or the television dissemination of news because once the audience misses the news they do not gain the information. News or stories on radio or television broadcasts are scheduled. Newspapers allow their readers to effectively and timely scrutinize the graphic codified materials and typographical linguistic. Radio and television are limited by the availability of direct visual coverage of stories or events. The stories a nd news are edited with an aim of displaying visually emotive elements of a story. The process of generating and disseminating news is dependent on the process of news selection. The process of news selection requires an individual to select stories based on the worthiness of the event. New selection also requires an individual to ignore items that are considered irrelevant or insignificant. News selection is dependent on the focus and target audience (Foreman, 2010, p. 59). For instance, tabloids mainly focus on people who consume celebrity gossip, while quality press publication focuses on people who read scandalous or political stories. A tabloid newspaper will have celebrity gossip on the front or cover page while a quality publication will have political news or news about a scandal on its front page. Different newspaper publications focus on different conventions (Bignall, 2007, p. 19). As a result, it is vital to decipher the signage within a news story

Corporate Social Responsibility Plan Research Paper

Corporate Social Responsibility Plan - Research Paper Example to the need to incorporate these plans directly into corporate social responsibility and so the plans are implemented isolated differently from corporate social responsibility plans. Until such a time that the corporate strategic plans of the company are integrated into the corporate social responsibility plans, the full potential of the company in terms of organizational growth cannot be attained. Nationwide Insurance is certainly in the financial industry, where it is expected to be a major stakeholder in the determination of the investment of people through insurance. Closely related to the background of the role of the company in offering secure investment policies for its clients are the vision and value statements of the company structured. The vision statement of the company is therefore given a â€Å"to become a competitive leader in the provision of risk-free insurance that meets customers at the points of their need†. The vision statement indicates clearly that the major focus of the company is the customer and that the company wants to put the customer first in all its business dealings. Much of the company’s ways of going about its business is directed at achieving the vision of the company. This is however done in a well laid out format that is backed by the use of empirical themes. For example, there is the use of three spheres and the environment, which together makes economic, political, civil society and the environment. In all of these thematic areas, the company tries to give to the customer value oriented service and business product that satisfies the demanding conditions of the company. On a scale of ten therefore, the success rate of programs that are currently in use in line with the four themes could be said to 8 out 10 successful. It was recently discovered that one of the best ways to achieve a holistic goal for all four themes is to make use of corporate social responsibilities (Urwick, 2003). This led to the designing of a series

Is the money the most important source of power in international Essay

Is the money the most important source of power in international politics - Essay Example The executive branch of government excessively controls these powers. State ownership in the economy links both the political and the economic power in Ukraine, hence generating some possibility for those with political power to convert into economic power. But the influence runs the other ways as well. Money can create some influence in the broke society. Furthermore, campaign finance laws, enforcement of bribery laws which are the status and enforcement of laws governing the use of money in the politics are weak. Those who are wealthy can easily convert into political power, mostly by obtaining the parliamentary seats in the Ukraine; this has been closely related to the New York Stock Exchange which is the centre of the country’s business dealings. Due to the conspicuous link between the political power and the economic power, they both strengthen each other, and the tendency becomes almost identical to that in Russia. The benefit of wealthy is becoming politically powerful is not different in Ukraine, as revealed by United State former president’s family Bush or Silvio Berlusconi in Italy. But in Ukraine there are no significant barriers to using money to gain political power and this is an extraordinary capacity to use political power to make money (Brix, 2014, pg. 54). The link relating money and political influence has significant effects. Since economic power produces the political power, a way to wear down an opponents’ political control is by violating their economic base. However, because economic and political powers are associated, the mostly concerted allocation of economy power, as they use their power in authority to scramble for themselves and to exclude others. Possibly this is the main difference between the states like Ukraine and states that have attained liberty democracy, which the link in two directions between economic and political power are loose enough such that

Positive Impacts on Tourism during the Fifa 208 in Russia in Coursework

Positive Impacts on Tourism during the Fifa 208 in Russia in hospitality businesses - Coursework Example A 2018 world cup benefit the hospitality industry of Russia Russia is one of those countries benefiting from the tourism industry and in 2018 FIFA world cup, it will experience abnormal returns in its hospitality industry because it is expected to record the highest number of tourists ever (Kusluvan, 2003). Therefore, Russia will benefit in such ways as, it will end up with 15 world-class stadiums after the event; more than one hundred hotels are currently under construction implying growth of the hospitality industry and increase of revenue, which will finally boost the GDP of the country. Let’s go through what took place in Brazil during the 2014 FIFA world cup. Brazil hospitality industry recorded increases in its hotel revenues (Siobhan, 2014). The total spending hit records in Brazil when international travellers spent US$188M on Visa accounts. This was a 152 percent increase year over year meaning the number of fans also increased compared to the previous figure of 2010 FIFA world cup in south Africa (Du & Maennig, 2011). There was a triple-digit rise in spending in various host cities compared to the previous period. Much of these increments were recorded by hotels, hospitals and other human-caring facilities. For instance, the number of tourists who arrived in Brazil in 2012 was 5.7 million but it was projected that the number would be 10.2 million with a 3% increase for Rio 2014. Therefore, given the average e.g. room rate of $461 during the months of June & July, it is estimated that about $4.7022 revenue will be collected. For sure, hotels greatly benefit when the number of tourists in a given country goes up. This is because it is inevitable to eat and find a good resting place to spend the night while awaiting the following day’s activities. Rio de Janeiro, one of the FIFA hosting cities in Brazil, recorded handsome hospitality revenues in its history thanks to holding the FIFA world cup final match. Accommodation turned out being a problem

Tower Cranes Essay Example for Free

Tower Cranes Essay Force Force can be defined as that which causes a mass to accelerate. Force has common units of pounds force (lbs) or Newtons ? Acceleration (F=MÂ ·A). In other words 1 Newton is the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram by 1 m/sec2, or 1 pound force is the force required to accelerate 1 slug by 1 foot/ sec2. You will notice that the imperial unit for force is pounds force and not just pounds. There is a common inaccuracy in our language that is only really important when talking about physics. The word weight truly refers to a force – this is why your weight on the moon is not the same as your weight on earth. To fully understand this we need to dissect the mathematical meaning behind the force term. Two components go into calculating a force; the first is mass, the second is acceleration. What is mass? Mass is the amount of stuff present in a given sample, lets say a person. A person’s mass will be the same whether on earth or the moon – in both places that person is made up of the same amount of stuff. Mass has two common units; kilograms (kg) and slugs. So a person might have a mass of 70 kg or 4. 78 slugs. For the example of weight, or the downward static force exerted by an object, the acceleration of interest is the acceleration due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity can be defined as the pull one object exerts on another. For this pull to be felt, one of the objects has to be extremely massive. For most people the most massive object they will encounter is the earth. The acceleration due to gravity on the earth is 9. meters/sec2 or 32. 2 feet/sec2. So a person on earth might weigh (70kg x 9. 8m/sec2) = 686 Newtons or (4. 78 slugs x 32. 2 feet/sec2) = 154 lbs. On the moon the same person will weigh (70kg x 1. 62 m/sec2) = 113 Newtons or (4. 78 slugs x 5. 32 ft/ sec2) = 25 lbs. So when a person says they weigh 154 lbs they are being true to physics, but when they say they weigh 154 kg, they’re actually referring to their mass. As a further twist, it’s also interesting to note that the acceleration due to gravity changes with altitude. So your weight at sea level will be slightly different that your weight at the top of a mountain (Newton’s law of gravitation Fg = G ? gravitational constant). ? kg ? m ? . The equation used to mathematically define force is Force = Mass x 2 ? ? sec ? m1 ? m2 , where G is the r2 Stress Stress is defined as force per unit area and has the common units of Pounds force per Square Inch (psi) or Pascals (Pa) (a Pascal is a Newton per square meter or kg/m sec2). In construction there are five basic types of stress which concern engineers. These are bending, tensile, compressive, shear, and torsional stress (see picture below). For the purpose of building Popsicle stick bridges we are really only interested in bending, compression, and tensile stresses. When we take a close look at bending we’ll see that it is just a combination of tensile and compressive stresses. Of these three types of stress tensile is perhaps the easiest to measure. As a result engineers will take samples of material and, using special machines, subject them to higher and higher tensile loads until they break. By dividing the force at which the sample breaks by the cross sectional area of the sample the materials Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS) can be determined. The ultimate tensile stress is given the symbol ? (Greek letter sigma), and essentially represents the strength of a material. For comparisons sake a sample of plain carbon steel might have a UTS of 50,000 psi, while pine (which is what Popsicle sticks are made of) might have a UTS of 1,000 psi. It is important to recognize that UTS is not the only important consideration when selecting a material, but material selection is a bit outside the scope of this summary. Let’s take a closer look at tension and compression. Tension is the stress an element experiences when exposed to a pulling force. To get a feeling for tension think about a piece of string. String can only experience tension; it is not able to resist pushing or bending. Compression is the opposite of tension; it’s the stress an element experiences when exposed to a pushing force. Sand is an example of a substance which can only experience compression. A column of sand can support a large load, but is unable to resist any pulling force. As most materials have different tensile and compressive loading potentials, it is important to know what sort of forces will be exerted on every member in a building or bridge. Bending combines both tensile and compressive forces in a single element. To demonstrate this, take a look at the picture below. It’s pretty obvious from this picture that bending puts one face into tension while the other is in compression. It also logically follows from this conclusion that at some point between the two faces there must be a point where there is no tension or compression. This point is called the neutral axis. The mass of material above and below the neutral axis will always be equal. So in a symmetrical member the neutral axis will be along the midline, but will not necessarily be along the midline in an irregularly shaped member. This simple concept of leverage can be used to explain several more complex concepts in structural engineering. The first is why it’s easier to break a Popsicle stick when it’s bent on its flat side as opposed to its edge. To explain this we have to explain the concept of leverage. This one is pretty simple and can easily be demonstrated by the classroom door. Leverage (also called moment or torque) occurs when a force is applied to an object which can rotate about a pivot point. In the case of the classroom door the pivot is the hinge and the force applied comes from the person wanting to open the door. In the case of bending a Popsicle stick the pivot is the neutral axis and the force we’re concerned with is the tension or compression on the outside faces. Moment is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance from the point of force application to the pivot. If you increase the applied force, or the distance from the pivot point, the moment increases. That’s why door handles are put as far from the hinge as possible – we make the distance from the point of force application to the pivot point as large as possible, that way a small applied force will create a large moment. So the Popsicle stick is harder to break when bent on edge because we’ve increased the distance from the neutral axis to the point of maximum force. Explain the difference between tensile, bending, and compressive forces with examples of the equations used to calculate each. Explain truss elements and why they are a superior way of building a bridge. Sample FEM output for simple bridge design o Calculate the amount of popsicle sticks required to make a simple beam with the same strength as a truss element. Hints on building a strong bridge o Truss o Strength comes from the Popsicle sticks, not the glue – but well glued joints are a must. Additional information: http://andrew. triumf. ca/andrew/popsicle-bridge/ http://www. eir. ca/resources/presentations/Bridges%20-%20By%20Doug%20Knight. doc